NAST Report
Scientific Report 2007 Read more »
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) & Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM)
The Variable Temperature STM/AFM
Characteristics
Stainless steel UHV system (Standard pressure 6 10-11mbar).Turbo molecular pump for roughing: 240 l/sec – Ionic pump: 500 l/sec – Titanium sublimator.X-Y-Z manipulator with direct current or resistive heating. Tmax=1500 K.STM/AFM (piezoresistive).Heating at the STM position: up to 1500 K.Cooling at the STM position: down to 25 K.E-beam evaporators at the STM position: Ge and Si.Reverse view LEED-Auger with LaB6 filament.
Some Results
Ge/Si(111) – experiments performed were related to the visualization of the growth by Physical Vapour Deposition of Ge nanostructures on 7×7 Si(111) reconstructed surfaces. By evaporating Ge on Si(111) at T=500°C the formation ofwetting layers have been studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in situ. The evolution of the Ge islands appearing after the wetting layer (completed at 3 ML). The 3D islands appear as truncated tetrahedrons (7×7 reconstructed on the top) and evolves into rounded shape, flat islands with a central hole. An erosion of the substrate around the islands has been also evidenced and measured. The island have lateral dimensions in the range 200 – 500 nm. The statistical distribution of the islands shapes and contact angles has been analysed. On Si step bunched surfaces (obtained by flashing at 1200°C in proper condition the Si substrate) the self aggregation and ordering of the islands has been evidenced. These results have been published in several papers and conference or school proceedings [1-6].
Fig 1. Ge islands grown on Si(111) observed by STM and AFM at various stages of evolution. Top left, a) an island after the nucleation (STM: 236x236x8 nm), top rigth, b) new facets (100 and 117) appear (STM: 230x230x38 nm); bottom left, c). First stage of ripening. (STM: 527x527x12 nm) bottom rigth, d) final stage of ripening (AFM image: 527x527x10 nm). Ge flux was 1 Å/min. The substrate temperature was 530 °C for a), 450 °C for b) and 500 °C for c) and d).
Fig 2. Organization of the Ge islands on a Si(111) step-bunched substrate a) STM image of 2.5 nm Ge deposition on Si(111) at T=450 °C 2.7×3.7 μm2. The total height of the image is 56 nm. b) STM image of 6 nm Ge deposition on Si(111) at T=450 °C 10×10 μm2. The total height of the image is 82 nm.InAs/GaAs quantum dotsThe InAs quantum dots on GaAs were prepared ex-situ by MBE as follows: the GaAs(001) wafer was initially deoxidized in As flux at 640 °C until a weak 2×4 RHEED pattern appeared. Afterwards, the substrate temperature was lowered to 590 °C and an epitaxial GaAs buffer layer of approximately 0.75 mm was grown at a rate of 1 μm/h. After 10 min of annealing, the temperature was further lowered to 500 °C for the InAs growth. The deposition rate was 0.028 ML/s with an In/As flux ratio of 1/15. The InAs coverage was 3 ML (the 2D-3D transition occurs at 1.6 ML). A 50 nm As capping layer is grown on top of the quantum dots, in order to protect the surface during the transfer to the AFM/STM chamber if atomic resolution and reconstruction have to be obtained by STM. The other samples are grown on intrinsic GaAs exhibiting a resistance too high to be imaged by STM, so the measurements are normally performed by AFM. Many samples, with different InAs coverages and growth modes have been prepared and measured. The size and distribution of the dots obtained in various growth conditions have been measured. Two main growth modes have been analysed: Continuous (the In flux was never interrupted) and Migration Enhanced (the In flux was interrupted at regular intervals, in order to increase the atomic movements ad aggregation on the surface). The island size increases in the Migration Enhanced mode. The onset of the quantum dot formation has been evidenced by also by STM, by imaging 2D islands after which act as precursors. The results have been published in two papers [7-8]
Fig 3. STM images at 1.3 ML of InAs on GaAs(001); a) 2D-islands of average height 0.4 nm (precursors); b) high resolution image of the wetting layer. The RHEED image has been acquired in the MBE system at the end of the growth.
Fig 4. Needle-Sensor AFM of self-assembled quantum dots of InAs on GaAs(001) imaged using the VT SPM; dimensions: 300×300 nm. Height: 10 nm. The typical dot size is around 25 nm, and the height is 7 nm.
References on Ge/Si
[1] F. Boscherini, G. Capellini, L. Di Gaspare, F. Rosei, N. Motta and S. Mobilio, “Ge-Si intermixing in Ge quantum dots on Si(001) and Si(111)”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 682 (2000).[2] F. Rosei, N. Motta, A. Sgarlata, G. Capellini and F. Boscherini, “Formation of the Wetting Layer in Ge/Si(111) studied by STM and XAFS”, Thin Solid Films 369 p29 (2000).[3] F. Boscherini, G. Capellini, L. Di Gaspare, F. Rosei, N. Motta and S. Mobilio, “Atomic intermixing in Ge Quantum Dots”,“ESRF Highlights” 1999, Surfaces and Interfaces (may be visualized on the web site www.esrf.fr).[4] F. Boscherini, G. Capellini, L. Di Gaspare, M. De Seta, F. Rosei, N. Motta A. Sgarlata and S. Mobilio, “Ge-Si intermixing in Ge quantum dots on Si”, Thin Solid Films 380, 173 (2000).[5] A. Sgarlata, F. Rosei, M. Fanfoni, N. Motta and A. Balzarotti, “STM/AFM study of Ge Quantum Dots grown on Si(111)”, IEEE Proceedings of the 11th International Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference, February 2000.[6] F. Rosei, N. Motta, A. Sgarlata and A. Balzarotti, “Growth and characterization of Ge nanostructures on Si(111)”, submitted for publication to Lecture Notes in Physics. (February 2001).[7] Nunzio Motta Self-assembled Quantum Dots studied by scanning probes and other structural techniques. Proc. Workshop on Nanotubes and Nanostructures 2000, S.M.Pula (CA), Ed. S.Bellucci, (Editrice Compositori 2001)[8] N. Motta, F. Rosei, A. Sgarlata, G. Capellini, S. Mobilio, F. Boscherini, Evolution of the intermixing process in Ge/Si(111) Self-assembled islands, submitted to Materials Science B
References on InAs/GaAs
[1] F. Patella, M. Fanfoni, F. Arciprete, S. Nufris, E. Placidi, and A. Balzarotti; Kinetic aspects of the morphology of self-assembled InAs quantum dots on GaAs(001) Applied Physics Letters 76 (2001) 320.[2] Arciprete, A. Balzarotti, M. Fanfoni, N. Motta, F. Patella, A. Sgarlata; Morphology of self-assembled quantum dots of InAs on GaAs(001) and Ge on Si(111) in Recent Research developments in Vacuum Science & Technology. Publisher: Transworld Research Network (2001).
Molecular Beam Epitaxy & Electron Spectroscopy
Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Characteristics
(Mod.32; Riber)Stainless steel UHV system (Standard pressure 6 10-11 mbar). Turbo molecular pump for roughing: 240 l/sec – Ionic pump: 500 l/sec – Titanium sublimator. X-Y-Z manipulator with resistive heating.
Tmax=800 °C. Knudsen cells: Ga, As, In, Al, Si (as dopant). Rheed optics E= 10 KeV.
High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
HREELS cross section
Characteristics
Stainless steel UHV system (Standard pressure 4×10-11mbar). Turbo molecular pump for roughing: 240 l/sec – Ionic pump: 200 l/sec – Titanium sublimator. X-Y-Z manipulator with resistive heating. T max=800 °C. Leed optics.
Prof. Carla Andrean
Contact details
Office: Physics Department
Tel: +39 06 72594441
Lab: +39 06 72594422
Fax: +39 06 72594089
Current Professional Positions
Full Professor in Condensed Matter at the Faculty of Science of the University of Rome Tor Vergata.
Research Experience
Carla Andreani, experimental physicist, received a Laurea Cum Laude in Physics in 1977 at the Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and is presently full professor in Condensed Matter at Department of Physics – Faculty of Science – at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. From 1981 – 1987 she worked at the A.E.R.E Harwell Laboratory, at the ISIS Spallation neutron Source – Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in UK, and at the IPNS pulsed Neutron source – Argonne National Laboratory, in US. In those years she initiated a research program applying neutron spectroscopic methods to investigate structural and dynamical properties of quantum and molecular fluids and solids, complex systems and neutron science. These studies involved developing instrumental, technological and methodological tools for characterizing materials on a nanometer-length scale. These include:
- quantum fluids and solids – liquid 4He, liquid and solid 3He, in bulk and confined geometry, and 3He-4He mixtures;
- molecular fluids and solid – diatomic homonuclear fluids (Cl2, Br2, I2, H2, D2) hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, HI), H2S and H2O (in bulk – stable and metastable -and confined geometry);
CA employed a combination of diffraction and spectroscopy techniques (most notably, neutron and x-ray diffraction, neutron spectroscopy, combined with Raman spectroscopy). In particular neutron scattering represents an important tool for the study of the properties of matter at the nanoscale, the ideal probe of microscopic correlations in bulk sample in reciprocal space. Its provides relevant information for the understanding of microscopic physical properties of materials, which add and complement real space visualization and manipulation of matter on the nanometer scale.
CA has contributed to the design and realization of instrumentation for neutron diffraction and scattering: the DBSS diffractomer (PLUTO Reactor Harwell UK) - “Neutron diffraction methods for the study of residual stress fields“, A. J. Allen, M. T. Hutchings, C. G. Windsor, C. Andreani, Advances in Physics 34, 445 (1985) – the 2-axis diffractometer at TRIGA Reactor (ENEA Casaccia, I),the Constant Q spectrometer (CQS) at HELIOS Linac (Harwell, UK), the PRISMA spectrometer – “PRISMA – A unique phonon spectrometer”, C. Andreani, U. Steigenberger, C. G. Windsor Europhysics News 21, 147 (1990) and TOSCA spectrometer – “TOSCA: a world class inelastic neutron spectrometer”, S. F. Parker, C. J. Carlile, T. Pike, J. Tomkinson, R. J. Newport, C. Andreani, F. P. Ricci, F. Sacchetti, M. Zoppi, Physica B241, 154 (1998) - at ISIS pulsed neutron source (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory).
CA has designed and realized, with the ISIS team, the VESUVIO spectrometer – “VESUVIO: the double difference inverse geometry spectrometer at ISIS”, J. Mayers, J. Tomkinson, T. Abdul-Redah, W.G. Stirling, C. Andreani, R. Senesi, M. Nardone, D. Colognesi, E. Degiorgi, Physica B 350, 659 (2004), and the e.VERDI spectrometer at ISIS – “Recent developments of the e.VERDI Project at ISIS”, T. Abdul-Redah, C. Andreani, A. D’Angelo, G. Gorini, S. Imberti, J. Mayers, R. J. Newport, A. Pietropaolo, N. J. Rhodes, E. M. Schooneveld, R. Senesi, M. Tardocchi, J. Tomkinson, Physica B350, 837 (2004) – for Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering, to study of proton quantum dynamics (“Measurement of momentum distribution of light atoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering”).
She gave a significant contribution to the development of gamma detector concepts for DINS and neutron imaging.
She is currently studying the proton quantum effects in water – in normal and metastable phases – in bulk and confined geometry via the DINS measurement of the proton momentum distribution, n(p).
She is currently participating to the construction of CHIP instrument at the ISIS neutron source, TS2 (UK)– for accelerated test of ‘‘single event effects’’ in electronic devices (Facility for fast neutron irradiation tests of electronics at the ISIS spallation neutron source) – instrument at the ISIS neutron source (UK).
Example of applications of eV techniques CA has proposed and developed:
- within the ANCIENT CHARM project the concepts and use of neutron spectroscopy at the eV energy to produce quantitative measurements and even 3D images of the elemental composition and physical structure of artefacts. This technique uses the “Neutron Resonant Capture Imaging” combined with “Neutron Resonance Transmission” (NRCI/NRT) as a non-invasive technique for 3D tomographic imaging and its use in cultural heritage research, i.e. http://ancient-charm.neutron-eu.net/ach, A non destructive stratigraphic and radiographic neutron study of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s reliefs from Paradise and North doors of Florence Baptistery This technique uses the “Neutron Resonant Capture Imaging” combined with “Neutron Resonance Transmission” (NRCI/NRT) as a non-invasive technique for producing quantitative measurements and even 3D images of the elemental composition and physical structure of artifacts.
- the use of neutrons at the MeV for accelerated irradiation test on electronic devices.
Teaching Activities
CA is member of the Graduate School in Physics – PhD Program at the University of Roma Tor Vergata – and the Graduate School Nanostructure and Nanotechnology – a joint PhD program between University of Tor Vergata and University of Milano-Bicocca. CA has a long-standing interest in teaching improvements in undergraduate and graduate physics also providing the students with a modern introduction to spectroscopic techniques. Much of this work has concentrated on the use of modern technology to improve the student’s conceptual understanding of basic experimental physical concepts.
Management and organizational experience
Chairperson of the Area Panel for Physical Sciences, Italian Research Council, Italian Research Council CNR (2009-2010)
Chairperson of the Advisory Board for the Roadmap on Research Infrastructure, Italian Ministry of Research (2010)
Delegate of President of CNR for European Spallation Source project (2010-present)
Member of the Neutron Committee of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) (1994-present)
Member of the Executive Board of University of Rome Tor Vergata (2005-2008).
Member of the International Advisory Board of the International Advisory Board ESS Bilbao Initiative (2008-present)
Member of the Novel Neutron Instrumentation Think Tank (2005-2009)
Member of the Science Advisory Board del Studsvik Neutron Research Laboratory (NFL) – Svezia (2000-2002 )
Member of the OECD MEGASCIENCE FORUM: NEUTRON SOURCES WORKING GROUP Panel B: International cooperation in the development of neutron instrumentation and data evaluation (1996-1999)
Member (scientific secretary) of the Scientific Advisory Board for Physical Sciences of the Italian national research Council CNR (1994-1998)
Member of the Round Table on Neutron Sources, http://neutron.neutron-eu.net/n nmi3/n (1994-present)
Peer Review
CA served as:
- Referee for NSF (US), New Eurasia Foundation, Russia, European Commission FP7, Georgia National Science Foundation;
- Referee American Physical Society journals, Phys. Rev. B e Phys. Rev. Letters) di J. Chem. Physics, Meas. Sci. Technology, ISRN Condensed Matter Physics.
- member of evaluation Area panel Physical Science, CIVR for Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR) (2003-2009)
- member of the ISIS Facility Access Panel (FAP 5), 2006-2008, 2011-present
- member of peer review panel for Material science for Georgia National Science Fundation (2007-2008, 2011-present)
- member of peer review panel for New Eurasia Foundation (FNE), Moscow, (2011-present)
- Chairperson of the Area Panel for Physical Sciences, Italian Research Council, CNR Italy (2009-2010)
- Chairperson of the Ministry of Research advisory board for the Italian Infrastructure Roadmap (2010)
- member of review panel for research projects of Regione Lombardia (2010)
- member of ISRN Condensed Matter Physics editorial board
- member of SNS neutron scattering science proposal Review Panel (2008-2010)
- chair board for ESS Italy (www.ess-italia.it)
I am currently supervising 6 scientists. I have significant experience in recruiting and interviewing. I have served as project scientist and, more recently, project sponsor in a variety of instrument development projects at ISIS (UK), SNS (US) and ESS Lund.
Membership of professional societies
- Italian Physical Society
- European Physical Society
- American Chemical Society
- School of Neutron Scattering “Francesco Paolo Ricci“
- Sociedad Española de Tecnicas Neutronicas
Editorial Roles
Editor of Notiziario Neutroni e Luce di Sincrotrone, ISSN: 1592-7822m (from 1999), a journal supported by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Selected Publications
[1] Temperature Dependence of Neutron-induced Soft Errors in SRAMs, M. Bagatin, S. Gerardin, A. Paccagnella, C. Andreani, G. Gorini, C. D. Frost, Microelectronics Reliability (2011)
[2] Spherical momentum distribution of the protons in hexagonal ice from modeling of inelastic neutron scattering data, D. Flammini, A. Petropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, F. McBride, A. Hodgson, M. Adams, L. Lin, R. Car, accepted for publication on J. Chemical Physics, July (2011)
[3] Ground state proton dynamics in stable phases of water, C. Andreani, D. Colognesi, A Pietropaolo and R. Senesi, Chem Physics Letters Frontier Physics, doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.036 (2011)
[4] Comment on “High energy neutron scattering from hydrogen using a direct geometry spectrometer, J. Mayers, N. I. Gidopoulos, M. A. Adams, G. Reiter, C. Andreani and R. Senesi., r”, C Stock, R A Cowley, J W Taylor and S. M. Bennington, Phys Rev B, 84, 056301 (2011)
[5] Non destructive neutron diffraction measurements of cavities, inhomogeneities and residual strain in bronzes of Ghiberti’s relief from the Gates of Paradise, G. Festa, R. Senesi, M. Alessandroni, C. Andreani, G.Vitali, S. Porcinai, A. M. Giusti, T. Materna, A. M. Paradowska, Journal of Applied Physics 109, 064908 (2011)
[6] A non destructive stratigraphic and radiographic neutron study of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s reliefs from Paradise and North doors of Florence Baptistery G. Festa, C. Andreani, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 106, 074909 (2009)
[7] Characterization of the neutron field at the ISIS-VESUVIO facility by means of a bonner sphere spectrometer
R. Bedogni, A. Esposito, C. Andreani, R. Senesi, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, A. Pietropaolo, G. Gorini, C. D. Frost, and S. Ansell, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 612, no. 1, pp. 143–148, (2009)
[8] Diamond detectors for fast neutron irradiation experiments L. Giacomelli, C. Andreani, A. Fazzi, C. D. Frost, G. Gorini, E. Perelli Cippo, A. Pietropaolo, M. Rebai, H. Schuhmachere M. Tardocchi, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati and A. Zimbal, Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements), 215, 242-246 (2011)
[9] A silicon photomultiplier readout for time of flight neutron spectroscopy with γ -ray detectors
A. Pietropaolo, G. Gorini, G. Festa, C. Andreani, M. P. De Pascale, E. Reali, F. Grazzi, E. M. Schooneveld, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, no. 9, (2009)
[10] γ-Ray background sources in the VESUVIO spectrometer at ISIS spallation neutron source
A. Pietropaolo, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Gorini, M. Tardocchi, E. M. Schooneveld, C. Andreani and R. Senesi, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 608, no. 1, pp. 121–124, (2009)
[11] Pietropaolo et al Reply, A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, A. Botti, M. A. Ricci, and F. Bruni, Physical Review Letters, vol. 103, no. 6, (2009)
[12] Quantum effects in water: Proton kinetic energy maxima in stable and supercooled liquid
A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, J. Mayers, Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 318–321, (2009)
[13] Prompt gamma activation analysis and time of flight neutron diffraction on ‘black boxes’ in the ‘Ancient Charm’ project
Zs. Kasztovszky, Z. Kis, T. Belgya, W. Kockelmann, S. Imberti, G. Festa, A. Filabozzi, C. Andreani, A. Kirfel, K. T. Biró, K. Dúzs, Zs. Hajnal, P. Kudejova, M. Tardocchi, and the Ancient Charm Collaboration Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 278, no. 3, pp. 661–664, (2008)
[14] Neutron-induced soft errors in advanced Flash memories
G.Cellere , S. Gerardin, M. Bagatin, A. Paccagnella, A.Visconti, M. Bonanomi, S. Beltrami, P. Roche, G. Gasiot, R. H. Sørensen, A. Virtanen, C. Frost, P. Fuochi, C. Andreani, G. Gorini, A. Pietropaolo, S. Platt, International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM, (2008)
[15] Constant-q data representation in Neutron Compton scattering on the VESUVIO spectrometer
R. Senesi , A. Pietropaolo, C. Andreani, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 594, no. 2, pp. 244–252, (2008)
[16] The very low angle detector for high-energy inelastic neutron scattering on the VESUVIO spectrometer
Enrico Perelli Cippo, Giuseppe Gorini, Marco Tardocchi, Antonino Pietropaolo, Carla Andreani, Roberto Senesi, Nigel J Rhodes, Erik M Schooneveld, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 589, no. 2, pp. 296–303, (2008)
[17] Proton momentum distribution of liquid water from room temperature to the supercritical phase
C. Pantalei, A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, S. Imberti, J. Mayers, C. Burnham, and G. Reiter, Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, no. 17, (2008)
[18] Advances on detectors for low-angle scattering of epithermal neutrons
E. Perelli Cippo, G. Gorini, M. Tardocchi, C. Andreani, A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, N. Rhodes, E. Schoonveld, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 4, (2008)
[19] Facility for fast neutron irradiation tests of electronics at the ISIS spallation neutron source , C. Andreani, A. Pietropaolo, A. Salsano, G. Gorini,M. Tardocchi, A. Paccagnella,, S. C. D. Frost, S. Ansell, S. P. Platt, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, no. 11, (2008)
[20] Excess of proton mean kinetic energy in supercooled water
A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, A. Botti, M. A. Ricci, F. Bruni, Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, no. 12, (2008)
[21] Composition and corrosion phases of Etruscan Bronzes from Villanovan Age
G. Festa, P. A. Caroppi, A. Filabozzi, C. Andreani, M. L. Arancio, R. Triolo, F. Lo Celso, V. Benfante, S. Imberti, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 3, (2008)
[22] Structure and Single Proton Dynamics of Bulk Supercooled Water
A. Botti, F. Bruni, M. A. Ricci, A. Pietropaolo, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 236–240, (2007)
[23] Proton quantum coherence observed in water confined in silica nanopores
V. Garbuio, C. Andreani, S. Imberti, A. Pietropaolo, G. F. Reiter, R. Senesi, M. A. Ricci, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 127, 154501, (2007)
[24] A new hardware/software platform and a new 1/E neutron source for soft error studies: Testing FPGAs at the ISIS facility
M. Violante, L. Sterpone, A. Manuzzato, S. Gerardin, P. Rech, M. Bagatin, A. Paccagnella, C. Andreani, G. Gorini , A. Pietropaolo, G. Cardarilli, S. Pontarelli, C. Frost, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1184–1189, (2007)
[25] 4He adsorbed in cylindrical silica nanopores: Effect of size on the single-atom mean kinetic energy , C. Andreani, C. Pantalei, R. Senesi, Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, vol. 75, no. 6, (2007)
[26] Resolution function in deep inelastic neutron scattering using the Foil Cycling Technique
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 570, no. 3, pp. 498–510, (2007)
[27] Mean kinetic energy of helium atoms in fluid 3He and 3He-4He mixtures
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 18, 5587 (2006)
[28] Advances in Physics, C. Andreani, D. Colognesi, J. Mayers, G. Reiter, R. Senesi, 54, 377 (2005)
[29] Measurement of momentum distribution of light atoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering
Advances in Physics, 54, 377 (2005)
[30] A resonant detector for high-energy inelastic neutron scattering experiments
Appl. Physics Letters, 85, 5454, (2004)
[31] Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering determination of the single particle kinetic energy in solid and liquid 3He, R. Senesi, C. Andreani, D. Colognesi, A. Cunsolo, M. Nardone, Phys. Rev. Letts. 86, 4584, (2001)
Notes. CA has authored about 150 publications on international journals and about 180 scientific oral contributions at international conferences, meetings and schools.
Late News 3
Duis aliquet egestas nisl. Quisque convallis mi id nulla. Mauris sollicitudin sem in augue. Suspendisse aliquam arcu vel eros. Suspendisse mattis. Nam ut augue tristique justo tincidunt ultricies. In porta suscipit tortor. Fusce posuere, ipsum non ultrices laoreet, sem ipsum varius eros, eu dignissim enim lacus non leo. Morbi odio libero, auctor vel, lobortis quis, suscipit quis, diam.
In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Mauris orci lacus, pretium eget, tristique id, pulvinar in, augue. Integer nunc nunc, euismod ac, ullamcorper nec, dignissim sed, magna. Phasellus ullamcorper volutpat purus. Nunc leo magna, sodales ultricies, pellentesque ut, varius vel, erat. Mauris lobortis, urna sit amet mollis congue, purus sem luctus sapien, ac dapibus ligula eros in nisi. Integer nonummy augue a lectus. Nulla et pede ac erat blandit venenatis. Maecenas viverra. Nam ultrices, purus sed lacinia auctor, nisi dui pharetra risus, in elementum tellus ipsum in felis.
Late News 2
Nulla porttitor. Aliquam erat volutpat. Mauris pretium eros a orci. Fusce elementum nisl pulvinar nisl. Praesent vulputate feugiat arcu. Praesent fringilla. Curabitur justo magna, hendrerit lacinia, aliquam pharetra, rutrum ac, mi. Maecenas ultrices odio id mi. Cras hendrerit nisi et magna hendrerit lobortis. Nam imperdiet, dolor accumsan tempus hendrerit, tellus risus accumsan lectus, id porta elit ante in est. Etiam magna. Aliquam quis magna. Cras risus. Sed pharetra orci. Proin consectetuer tempus lorem. Nullam urna mi, vehicula sed, pulvinar eget, pharetra eget, odio. Nullam lacus nibh, venenatis eu, iaculis aliquam, dignissim id, urna.
Joint Laboratory for Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Energy, Catalysis and Biomedical Applications
Sub-Femtoseconds proton dynamics in confined geometry and near proteins
Collaborative research among scientists from Italy – the Nast Centre for Nanoscience Nanotechnology and Innovative Instrumentation, UK – ISIS Spallation Neutron Source – and US, – University of Huston – have used Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering (DINS) to shows how the proton momentum distribution in liquid water monitors the changing occurring …
New neutron facility for fast neutron irradiation tests of electronics
Collaborative research among Italian and British scientists and engineers from Nast Centre for Nanoscience Nanotechnology and Innovative Instrumentation, CNR (I), ISIS Spallation neutron Source (UK), Universities of Central Lancashire, Padova and Milano Bicocca, and from the avionics and aerospace industries have been using VESUVIO neutron flux…
Test Knowledge Transfer 1
Work in progress Read more »